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| 1803 |
| | | English chemist John Dalton reads a paper describing his Law of Partial Pressure in gases (discovered in 1801) | |
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| 1817 |
| | | German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer observes and draws dark lines in the solar spectrum | |
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| 1820 |
| | | French physicist André Marie Ampère begins his researches into the links between electricity and magnetism | |
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| 1821 |
| | | French physicist Augustin Jean Fresnel publishes the theory that light is a transverse wave, thus explaining polarization effects | |
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| 1827 |
| | | German physicist Georg Simon Ohm formulates his law about the proportionality of current flowing in an electric conductor | |
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| 1832 |
| | | English scientist Michael Faraday reports his discovery of the first law of electrolysis, to be followed a year later by the second | |
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| 1842 |
| | | Austrian physicist Christian Doppler explains the acoustic effect now known by his name | |
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| 1848 |
| | | Scottish physicist William Thomson, later Lord Kelvin, proposes the 'absolute' scale of temperature | |
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| 1851 |
| | | French physicist Léon Foucault demonstrates the rotation of the earth by means of a long pendulum suspended in the Pantheon in Paris | |
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| 1852 |
| | | Scottish physicist William Thomson formulates the second law of thermodynamics, concerning the transfer of heat within a closed system | |
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